History
Recent excavations of Marmaray Tunnel project unearthed remains of a Neolithic settlements underneath Yenikapı neighborhood of Fatih district in İstanbul's historical old peninsula.
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These remains dating back to 7000 BC, changed presumptions on İstanbul's first settlements, Lygos and Semsitra by Thracian tribes between 1300-1100 BC.
On the Asian side of İstanbul near Fikirtepe (Kadıköy), remains of Chalcolithic period were discovered.
Byzantium
The known history of İstanbul begins at around 660 BC, with settlement of Byzantion (Latin: Byzantium) on the European Side of İstanbul by settlers from Megara under control of the king Byzas.
By the turn of the 5th century BC istanbul was in Persian rule for a short term. Greeks recaptured it during Greko-Persian Wars.
Byzantium was part of Athenian League and then Second Athenian Empire until it gained independence in 355 BC, protected by the Roman Empire.
Officially became part of the Roman Empire in 73 AD.
Constantinople
324-1453
Turkish Rule
Ottoman Empire 1453-1923
Turkish Republic 1923 -